Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise – Critical load and the effects of aging process     

Vivian Maria Arakelian  Cássia da Luz Goulart  Renata Gonçalves Mendes  Nuno Manoel de Sousa  Renata Trimer  Solange Guizilini 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1420-1428

Aim was to identify critical load (CL) in young and elderly apparently healthy male cohorts. To contrast the metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses on CL according to age. We evaluated 12 young (23 ± 3 years) and 10 elderly (70 ± 2 years) apparently healthy active males, who underwent: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on a 45° Leg Press; (2) on different days, three high-intensity resistance exercise constant load tests (60%, 75% and 90% 1RM) until fatigue (Tlim). Absolute values of both the CL asymptote and curvature constant (kg) were significantly lower in elderly subjects (P < 0.05). In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly higher number of repetitions at CL when compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). As expected, oxygen uptake (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) during maximal aerobic exercise testing were significantly reduced in older subjects. However, percent-predicted aerobic capacity were higher in older subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, blood lactate ([La^?]) corrected to Tlim and rating of perceived exertion values were greater in younger subjects at all intensities (P < 0.05). These findings, despite reduced force production in older subjects, endurance-related parameters are well preserved according to age-adjusted percent-predicted values in apparently healthy males.  相似文献   

Transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people     

Naser Nawayseh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):482-500

Little is known about the transmission of vibration to the head when using whole-body vibration (WBV) training machines. This paper investigates the effect of frequency and posture on the transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people. Nine male participants were exposed to vertical vibration at nine frequencies in the range of 17–46 Hz and vibration acceleration in the range of 7.85–18.64 m/s² (peak). The participants adopted four standing postures described as standing with locked knee (LK), bent knee (BK), one leg (OL), and one foot to the front and the other to the back (FB). The transmissibility to the head differed among postures (t-test, p < 0.05) and was greatest with the FB posture and smallest with the BK posture. The transmissibility to the head decreased with increasing the frequency (t-test, p < 0.05) but the extent of the decrease depended on the adopted posture. This frequency-posture interaction effect on the transmissibility should be considered when designing a training program. The data will be useful for developing standards/protocols that govern the use of WBV machines as well as for building human body models that can predict potential risks arising from using WBV machines.  相似文献   

高强度间歇运动对医学生不同时长记忆力影响的重要性研究     

杨铮  张高  郝丽娜 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):19-20

社会快速发展、生活日趋便捷背景下,医学生面临着生理和心理上的问题,且医学生由于专业特殊性,认知能力中记忆力的重要性被凸显出来。本文运用查阅文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、逻辑分析等研究方法,探究从运动处方角度出发的实验--"高强度间歇运动对医学生不同时长记忆力的影响"具有多方面重要性。同时建议医学院校应当跟据研究结果和实际情况,制定科学、合理的运动训练计划,为医学生生理和心理健康提供保障。  相似文献   

健康中国视域下高校田径运动发展研究     

郑权  李朝福 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):244-245

田径运动是所有运动的基础运动,是促进身体健康的重要手段,对实现健康中国战略有重要的意义。本研究以普通高校大学体育田径运动的教学及发展路径为切入点,对几所高校进行调查分析,找出田径运动发展过程中存在的问题,并提出相关建议,使田径运动在高校更好地发展,促进健康中国战略目标的贯彻实施。  相似文献   

太原市高校体教专业学生短跑课损伤现状与预防     

冯强 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(6):120-121

通过对太原市体教专业学生在田径短跑课中运动损伤调查统计,发现太原市高校体育教育专业学生在田径短跑课中,由于准备活动不充分、学生自我保护意识差、技术动作要领不正确、带伤上课等原因造成了运动损伤,针对以上问题提出加强基本功训练、加强运动中的保护和自我保护意识等建议。  相似文献   

顺应与重塑:我国校园体操发展的生态适应与主动转型     

陶成武  李先雄 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(12):82-88

新中国成立以来我国校园体操发展的价值理念、存在样态与治理实践发生了重大变革与结构转型。价值理念从工具理性的健康诉求上升到了价值理性的生命育化,践行了从强体卫国到重技荣国,身心之育到生命之育的目标转向与效用升级,内蕴有对学校体育崇高使命与体操事业发展的不懈追求。存在样态践履了技术传承到活动育人的过程延伸,既有前期继承发展到本土创新的结构异化,亦有期待从内容分散到系统规划的量质协调发展,大致表现为外部引入为拓展,本土适应为创新的总体特征。治理实践历经了高度集权的行政依附到参与分权的责能转移,推动了治理主体由“同构”多元向“自主”多元的关系转变。长远来看,我国校园体操的发展要走出狭隘理论认知与实践表达的误区,基于对个体健康成长与全面发展的理念,系统规划校园体操的学—练—赛,以及平衡治理主体之间的契约合作关系,以推动校园大众性体操之扩基与竞技性体操之强基的量质协调与融合发展。  相似文献   

锻炼社会支持量表的编制与信效度检验          下载免费PDF全文

钟涛  胡亮  刘献国 《体育科研》2019,(6):42-17

有规律的体育锻炼对人们的身心健康具有积极的促进作用，而社会支持是影响锻炼行为的重要相关因素。因此本研究的目的在于编制和检验锻炼社会支持量表。通过结合现有研究文献和质性研究，确立了初测量表，并通过两轮定量研究，应用探索性和验证性因子分析，信度分析以及校标效度检验对该量表进行了标准化的信效度检验。结果表明锻炼社会支持量表由4个因子构成，即情感性支持、信息性支持、工具性支持、同伴性支持，共24个条目。统计分析显示，量表具有良好的结构效度、内部一致性、重测信度和校标效度。锻炼社会支持量表符合我国文化背景，可以作为在中国人群中进行锻炼社会支持测量的工具。  相似文献   

The construction of women’s social spaces through physical exercise in urban China     

Huan Xiong 《Sport in Society》2019,22(8):1415-1432

Abstract

By applying feminist geographical theories and qualitative research methods, this article reveals Chinese women’s exercise experiences in urban spaces and discusses how women, through physical activity in neighbourhoods, public places and commercial facilities, constructed social spaces of their own. The findings show that exercise spaces are potentially sites for women’s health, well-being, social networking and collective empowerment. They challenge traditional gendered urban spaces by deconstructing the dual structure of ‘public’ and ‘private’ spheres, inducing women to gradually shift from the ‘edge’ to the ‘centre’. Though the spatial differences in women’s physical activities reflect the diversity and dynamics of women’s spatialities, they also imply the continuous social powers on women in exercise fields, where gendered disparities and class stratification may be sustained.  相似文献   

城市化进程中的广东茂名农村妇女健身状况研究*     

李尚胥  董业平  杨慧蓉 《广州体育学院学报》2016,(3):68-71

为了揭示广东茂名农村妇女健身状况,在查阅相关资料的基础上,自编问卷对茂名地区的1668名农村妇女的健身状况进行调查研究,结果显示:茂名农村妇女健康自评结果基本呈正态分布,为了增进健康,茂名农村妇女大多选择保证睡眠和改善饮食的方式,其次选择生活规律和补充营养,只有23.02％的妇女选择健身来增进健康,还有8.63％的妇女选择求神拜佛来增进健康.不想和一点都不想健身的人数比例都比认为健身不重要和一点都不重要的多.有85.24％的茂名农村妇女达不到每周健身3次的标准;每次健身时间达到30min以上者的比例仅有17.21％;有28.69％的茂名农村妇女运动强度达到体育人口的标准.健身意识不强、传统观念的束缚是阻碍农村妇女健身的主观因素,没时间、经济水平低下、场地设施匮乏和没人指导是影响农村妇女健身活动的主要客观原因.  相似文献   

间歇运动激活心梗大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡     

谭支内  蔡梦昕  陈婷  Shaojun Du  田振军 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(6):69-76+83

摘要：目的: 探讨心脏NRG1在间歇运动激活心梗(myocardial infarction，MI)大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠48只，随机分为假手术组(S)，心梗安静组(MI)，心梗+间歇运动组(ME)，心梗+间歇运动+抑制剂组(MEA)，每组12只。采用左冠脉前降支结扎法建立MI模型。S组手术仅穿线不结扎。ME组和MEA组在MI术后1wk进行跑台间歇运动。运动开始速度为10m/min运动10min后，速度逐渐增至25m/min×7 min，再以15 m/min×3min运动，之后依次交替进行。60min×1次/d，5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后次日，腹腔麻醉，颈动脉插管测定LVSP、LVEDP及±dp/dtmax。之后开胸摘取心脏，进行组织学制片，Masson染色。荧光实时定量PCR测定心肌NRG1及其受体ErbB2/4表达。Western Blot法检测心肌NRG1、ErbB2/4、PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。Caspase3表达及TUNEL检测观察分析心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果: MI组胶原容积百分比(CVF)和LVEDP较S组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01)，LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)。且MI后心肌ErbB4 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01)，心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01)，PI3K/Akt蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)。ME组CVF和LVEDP较MI组显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01)，心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01)，PI3K/Akt蛋白表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)，TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)，且运动效应被抑制剂AG1478显著减弱。结论:间歇运动可通过激活心肌NRG1及其受体表达，上调PI3K/Akt蛋白表达，抑制心肌细胞凋亡和胶原过度增生，改善心功能。  相似文献